The Dnepropetrovsk Maniacs Essay Example for Free

The Dnepropetrovsk Maniacs Essay One of the two companions were executed, the other figured out how to escape† (Versii). Thirteen additional killings followed, frequently with various bodies found around the same time. Two casualties were discovered each day from July 14 through the 16 (â€Å"Lowlifes arranged 40 murders†) The three suspects were captured on July 23, 2007. Igor Suprunyuck endeavored to sell a cell phone they had taken from one of their casualties at the nearby pawn shop. At the point when that telephone was gone on to show that it worked, its area was followed by law implementation operators. Igor Suprunyuck and Viktor Sayenko were captured in the pawn shop (Katsman). Alexander Hanzha was captured at home, allegedly figuring out how to flush other taken telephones down the latrine. The telephones were recouped, yet all the data on them was lost (GlavRed). They were accused of 29 separate occurrences, including 21 killings and 8 additional assaults where the casualties endure. Suprunyuck was accused of 27 of the cases, Sayenko was accused of 25, and Hanzha with tallies of equipped burglary (Kommersant). Partner three admitted rapidly, Suprunyuck later pulled back his admission. Suprunyuck’s unique protection awyer dropped out of the case after supposedly being frustrated at neglecting to have a request of craziness acknowledged by his customer (Segodyna). â€Å"On February 11, 2009, the court in Dnepropetrovsk saw Igor Suprunyuck and Viktor Sayenko as blameworthy of planned homicide and condemned to life detainment. Alexander Hanzha, who was seen as liable of burglary and condemned to nine years in jail (Olinikova). Hanzha said of Suprunyuc k and Sayenko: â€Å"If I had known the outrages that they were fit for commiting, I would have not gone close to them at gunpoint (â€Å"Dnepropetrovsk sequential executioners condemned to life imprisonment†). The guardians of Igor Suprunyuck and Viktor Sayenko rehashed their faith in the guiltlessness of their children. The guardians of Suprunyuck and Sayenko additionally contended that the sentence of Alexander Hanzha had been excessively permissive (Segondnya). From what i’ve read, the killers didn’t have a particular thought process. â€Å"Local media detailed that the executioners had an arrangement to get rich from the homicide recordings that they recorded. One of the suspects’ sweethearts revealed that they were intending to make forty recordings of independent homicides. This was certified by the suspects’ previous colleagues, who asserted that he frequently heard Suprunyuck was in contact with an obscure â€Å"rich outside site creator† who requested forty snuff recordings, and would pay a huge entirety of cash once they were made† (â€Å"Lowlifes arranged 40 murders†). Local security boss, Ivan Stupak, dismissed the case that the killings had been resolved to make web snuff recordings, saying that no proof had gone to the light during the examination that upheld the case (Segodnya). Analyst Bogdan Vlasenko expressed: â€Å"We think they were doing it as a diversion, to have an assortment of recollections when they get old (Segodnya). Delegate inside pastor, Nikolay Kupyanskiy, remarked â€Å"For these youngsters, murder resembled amusement or chasing (â€Å"Dnepropetrovsk Maniacs caught! †). â€Å"At the preliminary, it developed that Suprunyuck had gathered paper cuttings about the case† (Segodnya). â€Å"Some of the photos of the wrongdoings had subtitles included, including â€Å"The feeble must pass on. The most grounded will vanquish (Segodnya). The suspects’ cell phones and PCs contained numerous video accounts of the homicides occurring. One full video was spilled on the web, demonstrating the homicide of 48-year-old Sergei Yatzenko. He is seen lying on his in a lush territory, and is struck over and again in the face with a sledge held inside a plastic pack. One of the assailants wounds Yatzenko in the eye with a screwdriver, and furthermore cuts him in the mid-region with the screwdriver. Yatzenko is then hit with the mallet so as to guarantee that he is dead. The assault keeps going more than four minutes, during which the casualty slips by all through cognizance. One of the killers can be grinning towards the camera during the video† (â€Å"Shocking Murder Video Makes Rounds on the Internet†). By and by i’ve seen the video and I wish I could reclaim each moment of it. The suspects were additionally found possessing various photos giving them going to memorial services of the people in question. They can be seen grinning and â€Å"flipping off† the caskets and tombstones (â€Å"Killers caught demise of casualties on record (with TV news video)†). The photographic and video proof was appeared in court on October 29, 2008, as a feature of a bigger introduction of more than 300 photos and two recordings (Leontieva). All in all, my sentiment on the homicides is that they were horrendous. There must be something intellectually amiss with them. Nobody can accomplish something to that effect and not have any sort of compassion, without something being off-base with them. The Dnepropetrovsk Maniac homicides were certainly a portion of the most noticeably terrible killings over the most recent 100 years.

Analysis and interpretation of ”Elephant”

At the point when all deepest desires are surrendered from our lives, the main thing we can do is exploiting others lives and make it our own. A real existence all around arranged can cost us our opportunity and our capacity to settle on choices which are drastically unique in relation to our past ones. At the point when want, desire and sentiment have been deselected and †the ordinary life† has had its spot. These deterrents are what William meets and sooner faces in the short story by Polly Clark called †Elephant†. The story starts in media res, so when the story starts we get inundated. We are meeting William sitting at his work area encompassed by notes and realities, where his Muse has left him and he experiences difficulty discovering motivation composing life stories of pop artists as Christine, who he finds generally cute and pulled in to (l. 46 †51). The character Christine can be deciphered as Christina Aguilera, who, with her voice and her sexual conduct, as a rule is engaging for normal men. William is the regular American man, who has settled down with his better half and as of now is attempting to begin a family. Their marriage isn't loaded up with sentiment and love as one could expect, however more with desires and bargains and it moreover appears William doesn't need a child as much as his significant other does. His brain is loaded up with contemplations of his accounts and how Christine probably needed him to expound on her (l. 71-72 and 76). He effectively gets diverted from his considerations and one could envision that they are loaded up with his lost youth and the things he had always been unable to do throughout everyday life. His blaze back to the second when his mom gives him the blue elephant (l. 9-66) could without much of a stretch be deciphered as the youth his mom attempts to give him. Be that as it may, from the start he was unable to recall the blue elephant from his youth. It had evaporated from his memory. The main musings that experience his psyche are the means by which he can vindicate his lost youth and recapture cognizance of his personality. The storyteller lets us know at line 21-22: †William would have favored the film stars (male, brilliant time of film) yet those had been asserted by somebody snappier of the imprint †¦Ã¢â‚¬ . This particular section shows that William was expected to surrender his fantasy since somebody hindered him. By expounding on male entertainers it would have been feasible for him to get acclaimed and his life would in this manner be finished. Satisfaction and VIP goes connected at the hip in his brain, yet since the time he needed to pick another vocation, his fantasies self-destructed and he was, in his own eyes, only a normal man. That is the reason he is expounding on the female pop artists so in that manner he mostly can satisfy his fantasies through the ladies. All things considered, this arrangement doesn't fulfill his wants, since he can't identify with these ladies. He can identify with the male on-screen characters as a result of their sex, yet the distinction among people in this setting turns into a gigantic factor for him and that gives him motivation to change the tales about the ladies. Christine gives him inconvenience in view of her unadulterated psyche because of her relationship with Christianity (l. 49), and his desire to make her life as hopeless as his turns out to be considerably more grounded. Subsequently he synchronizes his existence with hers and blends the blue elephant into her youth. For him the elephant is an image of disappointment and distress and thusly he invests considerably more energy to make the life of Christine hopeless according to the perusers. As he says at line 146-147: †He needed to give Christine something she had never had, something significant of himself. † †the parts of life he needs to give Christine are destruction and misfortune since she, to him, never have had a change to encounter it in her acclaimed Christian life. But since the negative imagery of the elephant just exists for him, his made up anecdote about the life of Christine doesn't turn into a terrible encounter for the perusers. His endeavor to make Christine a terrible individual isn't fruitful (l. 135-142). That is the point at which he understands that his calling isn't what he needs to do. The name Christine has not been picked unintentionally and it was exclusively that decision of name, which gave Christine control over him. The relationship Christine has with God has been moved to William and through it he can go up against his deterrents and by composing the falsehood about her he discovers that, that isn't the individual he needs to be, and by this acknowledgment he gets total. Despite the fact that he realizes that sometime he will be †vanished from the essence of the earth† (l. 148), he feels prepared to begin carrying on with his life once more, since he at last has triumphed over his lost youth and he conclusively has gotten himself. His last lie invigorates him the to quit lying about others, quit living trough others and gives him capacity to carry on with his own life (l. 142-144). Along these lines, the fact of the matter is the fundamental subject of this content. As a subcategory comes the blue elephant being an image of how significant the youth is for people. On the off chance that the blue elephant evaporate from the life of a kid, torment and lament will come later. Along these lines, the story is a type of an assistant memoire in life to guardians to show them how to bring up their kids. Polly Clark has composed this content to reveal to us that it is so imperative to continue having faith in something that causes us keep up our fantasies in life unadulterated.

Electronic Sources in APA Format

Electronic Sources in APA Format Student Resources APA Style and Writing Print How to Reference Electronic Sources in APA Format By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on October 10, 2019 Bernhard Lang / Getty Images More in Student Resources APA Style and Writing Study Guides and Tips Careers There are a number of special style concerns for referencing electronic sources in APA format. Online documents, journal articles, databases, and message boards all have unique referencing requirements. It is important to note the exact web address on any online source you use. Always keep track of the electronic resources you refer to as you are researching a topic and collecting references. Proper APA Format for Electronic References The following examples can help you prepare your electronic references in proper APA format. Online Documents The basic structure for referencing online documents is very similar to other references but with the addition of a retrieval source. Provide the exact URL for where the document can be found. Author, A. A. (2000). Title of work. Retrieved from source For example: Cherry, K. (2006). Guide to APA format. About Psychology. Retrieved from http://psychology.about.com/od/apastyle/guide Online Journal Article Online journal articles should be cited much like print articles, but they should include additional information about the source location. The basic structure is as follows: Author, A. B., Author, C. D., Author, E. F. (2000). Title of article. Title of Periodical, Volume number, page numbers. Retrieved from source For example: Jenet, B. L. (2006) A meta-analysis on online social behavior. Journal of Internet Psychology, 4. Retrieved from http://www. journalofinternetpsychology.com/archives/volume4/ 3924.html Article Retrieved from a Database Articles that are retrieved from online databases are formatted like a print reference. According to the sixth edition of the APA style manual, it is not necessary to include database information since these databases tend to change over time. For example: Henriques, J. B., Davidson, R. J. (1991) Left frontal hypoactivation in depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100, 535-545. Online Newspaper Article When citing an online newspaper article, you should provide the URL of the newspapers home page. The APA suggests doing this in order to avoid the problem of nonworking URLs. For example: Parker-Pope, T. (2011, November 16). Practicing on patients. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com Electronic Version of a Print Book The APA style manual suggests that you should only include electronic book references if the book is only available online or is very difficult to find in print. Your reference will be very similar to a regular print book reference, except the electronic retrieval information takes the place of the publishers location and name. For example: Freud, S. (1922). Totem und Tabu: Einige Ãœbereinstimmungen im Seelenleben der Wilden und der Neurotiker [Kindle version]. Retrieved from http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/37065.kindle.images Online Forums, Discussion Lists, or Newsgroups Messages posted by users on forums, discussion lists, and newsgroups should follow the basic structure for citing an online document. When possible, use the posters real name starting with the last name and followed by a first initial. If this is not possible, list the authors online screen name. You should also include the exact date that the message was posted. For example: Leptkin, J. L. (2006, November 16). Study tips for psychology students [Online forum comment]. Retrieved from http://groups.psychelp.com/forums/messages/48382.html More Tips for Referencing Electronic Sources Emails should not be included in your reference section, although they should be cited in-text.The APA also provides information on the preferred spelling of several electronic terms, including the following:e-maile-journaldatabaseInternetFTPonlineweb A Word From Verywell Getting the hang of APA format can sometimes be a struggle, but it is well worth the investment. Electronic sources require special consideration as the format of your references may be different depending on where you found the information. Utilize this guide as a start, but always be sure to check your work against the guidelines issued in the official APA style manual.

Ear Anatomy

Marketing Plan For Panera Bread - 1704 Words

Panera Bread is a company that has capitalized on the â€Å"fast-casual† restaurant experience. Their aim was to provide a specialty bakery and cafe experience to urban and suburban workers and dwellers. They are categorized as bakery-cafes and currently have over 2000 stores worldwide. They are currently leading their industry in terms of number of stores and profits; they had $1.8 billion in corporate revenues in 2011, $3.4 billion in systemwide store revenues, and an average sales of $2.3 million per store location (Thompson, p. C-96). Their strategy is to open up more stores worldwide and keep their customers loyal through an attractive menu and the dining ambiance of each store. Panera strived to be the first choice for customers craving fresh, made-to-order sandwiches and breakfast items as well as baked in-house breads and pastries. They targeted â€Å"urban workers and suburban dwellers† looking for a quality, quick meal in combination with a pleasant dining exp erience. Their long-term plan was to make Panera Bread â€Å"a nationally recognized brand name and to be the dominant restaurant operator in upscale, quick service dining† (Thompson, p. C-97). Panera’s strategic issues were that they were trying to establish their name while there was a weak economic recovery going on in the United States: There was a 8 percent unemployment rate and an intensely competitive restaurant industry. Another of Panera’s strategic issues was that they were attempting to tackle an industry whereShow MoreRelatedMarketing Plan For Panera Bread1903 Words   |  8 PagesPanera Bread bakery-cafes showcase the art and craft of bread making, helping customers truly appreciate and enjoy a great loaf of bread by studying its crust, crumb and craft. Panera Bread understands that great bread makes great meals, from made-to-order sandwiches to tossed-to-order salads and soup served in bread bowls. The Panera Bread ® legacy began in 1981 as Au B on Pain Co., Inc. Founded by Louis Kane and Ron Shaich, the company prospered along the east coast of the United States and internationallyRead MoreThe Marketing Plan For Panera Bread Co.1677 Words   |  7 Pagescustomers† (Walker and Merkley 2). Fast-casual restaurants offer much higher quality in food than fast food restaurants especially by providing fewer processes and frozen ingredients. This industry is very competitive and the article states that, â€Å"Panera Bread Co. was the segment leader, and Chipotle was number two in 2014 with a 17% value share† ((Walker and Merkley 2). Chipotle however did not have to compete in price because their customers perceived the value in different aspects of the dining facilityRead MorePanera Bread Company : A Market Driven Approach1536 Words   |  7 PagesPanera Bread Company is the widely acclaimed bakery/cafà ©, which operates in the fast casual food restaurant industry. It was originally founded in 1981 by Louis Kane a nd Ron Schaich, as Au Bon Pain Company with several chains. In 1993, Au Bon Pain Company purchased Saint Louis Bread Company, which is located in St. Louis Area. In 1999, the founders sold Au Bon Pain Company and renamed it as Panera Bread. Currently, the company owns 1,845 franchise stores in 45 states in United States and in OntarioRead MorePanera Bread Company Essay1348 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"A loaf of bread in every arm† is the mission statement of Panera Bread Company (Vincelette Fogarty, 2010, p.1). Panera started as a small bakery under the name Au Bon Pain and grew to one of the largest fast food service companies in the U.S. In 2008 they had the 5th overall rating in the restaurant industry. â€Å"Panera Bread is widely recognized for driving the nationwide trend for specialty breads† (Panera Bread, 2011). Company Timeline Over $3 million in debt and preparing to file for bankruptcyRead MoreHistory of Panera Bread1861 Words   |  7 Pages PANERA BREAD HISTORY Panera Bread started in 1981 as Au Bon Pain Co., Inc. Founded by Louis Kane and Ron Shaich; the company prospered along the east coast of the United States and internationally throughout the 1980s and 1990s and became the dominant operator within the bakery-cafe category. In 1993, Au Bon Pain Co., Inc. purchased Saint Louis Bread Company, a chain of 20 bakery-cafes located in the St. Louis area. The company then managed a comprehensive re-staging of Saint Louis Bread Co.Read MoreEssay Panera: A Competitive Plan For Success1347 Words   |  6 PagesAs you walk through the doors of Panera Bread, the lighting and dà ©cor calm you while the fresh smells of the bakery envelop you. Every detail has been carefully coordinated to ensure a high quality dining experience at a reasonable price. This sophisticated concept for Panera began when a cookie company and a fast casual restaurant, called Au Bon Pain, synergized their efforts and found a propitious niche between fast food and fine dining (Repetti Vincelette, 2005). By 2003, the company was ableRead MoreCase Analysis1672 Words   |  7 PagesPanera Bread Company Panera Bread Company is a place where patrons can get quality food of its menu without waiting for long period of time. Panera Bread Company competitors are fast food chain restaurant and other place that provide on the go services. The major tactic that this company has applied is to provide variety of deli-style menu with attractive ambience for its patrons. The menu provide quality food for patrons, it contains varieties of sandwiches, fresh baked breads, soups and freshlyRead MoreEssay about Panera case review935 Words   |  4 Pages Panera Case Review TOPIC PAGE Synopsis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...3 LITERATURE REVIEW KEY PROBLEM AND THE OPPORTUNITY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.................5-6 SELECTED SOLUTION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 IMPLEMENTATION/RECCOMENDATION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . WORKS CITED†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 SYNOPSIS This video highlights the origins of Panera BreadRead MorePanera Bread: SWOT Analysis and Recommendations891 Words   |  4 PagesPanera Bread Introduction Panera Bread (NASDAQ: PNRA) is one of the most financially successful quick service restaurant (QSR) chains operating in North America today, having attained a $4.3B market capitalization value as of this writing in July, 2012. Panera is achieving a 7.6% Profit Margin and 12.36% operating margin, both of which are difficult to maintain in an industry known for very rapid product lifecycles and the need to continually invest in the customer experience (Andersson, MossbergRead MorePanera Bread Case844 Words   |  4 PagesPanera breads business model is, â€Å"to provide a meal and dining environment of sufficient high quality that customers would gladly pay for that quality – at a price that would also make the company financially successful† (Panera Bread Case). Through Panera Bread’s business model one can see that they took the marketing technique of higher quality for slightly higher prices. Panera bread differentiated itself from many competitors through its superior quality and welcoming environment. This business

Bee Colony Algorithm For Rectangle Packing Problems Design Essay Free Essays

string(54) " length L of infinite occupied is minimized \[ 1 \] \." Packing job is considered as an NP-hard job. It is an optimisation job of happening an optimum agreement of a set of points in a larger container with the aim of minimising the spread on the packing country or maximising the container use. This sort of job occurs in different industries and is important in mechanical design and industry, transit and in the development of a good layout design of an endeavor [ 9 ] . We will write a custom essay sample on Bee Colony Algorithm For Rectangle Packing Problems Design Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now This job has been studied and different algorithms have been applied to come up with an optimum wadding agreement. Some optimisation algorithms that were used in work outing were familial algorithm and atom drove algorithm. Furthermore, another optimisation and swarm-based algorithm called the Artificial Bee Colony ( ABC ) algorithm is presented in this paper. It is an algorithm that is based on the scrounging behavior of bees. In this survey, the research worker will utilize the Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm in happening an optimum agreement of jammed rectangles. Packing jobs consider a set of points and a bin that will keep the points which aim to pack points every bit dumbly as possible with really optimum to no spreads. Packing jobs are helpful and widely used in several Fieldss such as in fabrication and in state of affairss like make fulling up containers, lading burden, ship edifice, building and ornament layout and so on [ .. ] . Packing jobs are classified depending on the job ‘s application and aim. Some of the most of import jobs such as cutting stock, backpack and bin packing [ 4 ] are defined below. The cutting stock job is about cutting various-sized pieces out on a given stock sheets. The job can either be a trim-loss job or an mixture job. Trim-loss Problem Trim-loss job is the allotment onto stock sheets of pieces of different sizes demanded by the clients with the purpose of minimising the cost of waste. Assortment Problem The mixture job is concerned in finding the size of the pieces or points to be kept in stock of sheets such that the best choice of points is used so waste is minimized. Knapsack Problem The backpack job describes the procedure of packing the most valuable points into a fixed-sized storage such as a backpack. The job consists of points with matching weights and values and a backpack of limited capacity. The aim of the backpack job is to find which points that maximize the value should be in the backpack given that the entire weight of the points is at most of the weight of the backpack. Taken from [ 12 ] Figure.1: Illustration on the backpack job Bin Packing Bin wadding job has a aggregation of points of different sizes and a figure of bins holding the same horizontal and perpendicular dimensions. There are different sorts of bin packing such as 2D wadding, 3D wadding, additive wadding, battalion by weight and more [ 14 ] . The aim of the job is to merely pack the points into the bins minimising the figure of bins used. Taken from [ 13 ] Figure.2: Bin wadding of different forms Loading Problems Loading jobs deal with rectangular boxes that are to be packed into a rectangular palette. These jobs can be classified into maker ‘s and distributer ‘s burden jobs [ 4 ] . Manufacturer ‘s and distributer ‘s burden jobs are chiefly concerned with the wadding of indistinguishable and non-identical rectangular pieces severally. The aim of lading jobs is to happen an optimum wadding form such that the figure of boxes to be placed in a certain palette or container is maximized. Taken from [ 15 ] Figure.3: Illustration on palette burden jobs for indistinguishable boxes Other Discrepancies of Packing Problems There are several sorts of packing jobs. The followers are some packing jobs that deal in â€Å" happening the maximal figure of a certain form that can be packed into a larger, possibly different form † [ 3 ] . Sphere in Cuboid – a sphere wadding job that involves in happening an optimum agreement of given a set of spherical objects with diameter vitamin D be packed into a cuboid with a size of a ten B x degree Celsius Packing Circles – are some circle packing jobs that attempt to pack a set of indistinguishable circles into a circle or another form Taken from [ 5 ] A ; [ 6 ] Figure.4: ( a ) Circles in circle, ( B ) Circles in square ( degree Celsius ) Circles in equilateral trigon and ( vitamin D ) Circles in regular hexagon Packing Squares – shows a set of indistinguishable squares packed inside a form such as the square and circle Taken from [ 5 ] A ; [ 6 ] Figure.5: ( a ) Squares in square and ( B ) Squares in circle Rectangle Packing Problems Rectangle Packing Problem Definition Rectangle wadding job is an optimisation job of apportioning a set of rectangle points into a larger rectangle, the container with the aim of minimising the packing country or the country wasted [ 8 ] . The set of rectangle points has different dimensions of width tungsten and tallness H and the entire country of the points should non transcend the country of the container width W and height H. The arrangement of the points is described by the undermentioned set of restraints [ 8 ] [ 10 ] [ 11 ] . No imbrication of rectangle points. No points must be wider or taller than the size of the container. Edges of the points must be parallel to the container ‘s border Taken from [ 7 ] Figure.6: Illustration of a authoritative rectangle wadding job process Taken from [ 1 ] Figure.7: A sample wadding of 9 rectangular points – 90o rotary motion allowed Taken from [ 1 ] Figure.8: A sample packing – fixed orientation, no rotary motion allowed Other Rectangle Packing Problems Packing Into An Open-ended Rectangle The job is described as arrangement, without overlapping, a set of rectangle points of different sizes in an open-ended rectangular container of width W. A rotary motion of 90A ° is allowed every bit long as no points overlap. All the rectangle points should be pack in manner that the entire length L of infinite occupied is minimized [ 1 ] . You read "Bee Colony Algorithm For Rectangle Packing Problems Design Essay" in category "Essay examples" Taken from [ 1 ] Figure.9: A possible agreement of eight points Taken from [ 1 ] Figure.10: Packing into an open-ended rectangles with three different breadths. Packing Into Rectangles of Fixed Size The thought behind this job is similar to usual bin packing jobs. It consists of rectangle points of different horizontal and perpendicular dimensions and a set of rectangular sheets of fixed length and breadth. The aim is to â€Å" happen an agreement of the pieces that minimizes the figure of sheets needed † [ 1 ] . Taken from [ 1 ] Figure.11: Packing into fixed sized rectangles Drove Intelligence Swarm intelligence is defined as â€Å" any effort to plan algorithms or distributed problem-solving devices inspired by the corporate behavior of societal insect settlements and other carnal societies † [ 19 ] . What makes drove based algorithms an interesting mechanism for work outing jobs particularly NP-complete jobs is the two cardinal constructs within, self-organisation and division of labor. Some illustrations of swarm-inspired algorithms and surveies are Particle Swarm Optimization ( PSO ) , ant settlement, bee settlement, flock of birds and more [ 19 ] . The Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm The Artificial Bee Colony ( ABC ) algorithm is a nature-inspired optimisation algorithm defined by Dervis Karaboga in 2005 [ 2 ] . Based on the scrounging behavior of bees, the purpose of the algorithm is to happen nutrient beginnings with high nectar sums and finally take the 1 with the highest sum. In the ABC algorithm, bees are grouped into employed bees, looker-on bees and lookout bees. The employed bees are the 1 that exploit and keep the information of a peculiar nutrient beginning. The information on a specific nutrient beginning is so shared by each employed bees to the looker-on bees through a shake dance. Then, nutrient choice is done by the looker-on bees. These bees determine the quality of the nutrient beginnings and acquire to take the best nutrient beginning. When a nutrient beginning of an employed bee has been abandoned, this bee becomes a lookout bee. Scout bees are responsible for researching and seeking possible nutrient beginnings around the country. The Waggle Dance Bees need to pass on with other bees in order for them to happen and garner nutrient indispensable for the endurance of their settlement. One of the most interesting and challenging mechanisms of discoursing around the carnal land peculiarly Apis melliferas is dancing. Information on a certain nutrient beginning off from their hive is passed on to other bees through a shake dance. A shake dance is performed by a lookout bee informing his hive mates the exact way and distance to the nutrient beginning. During the shake dance, the bee performs an eight-figure form dance where it foremost walks in a consecutive line while waggling his tail back and Forth. Then looping is done in jumping waies and travels the consecutive line over and over once more capable to the way and the distance being relayed. Walking in the consecutive line indicates the way and figure of shakes refers to the distance of the nutrient beginning [ 16 ] [ 17 ] . Taken from [ 16 ] Figure.12: The shake dance The Algorithm The chief stairss of the ABC algorithm from [ 19 ] consisting of the employed bees, the looker-on bees and the lookout bees is given below. Figure.13: Main stairss of ABC Pseudocode of ABC The elaborate pseudocode of the ABC algorithm shown in [ 20 ] is given below: Initialize the population of solutions Xi Measure the population cycle=1 Repeat Produce new solutions ( nutrient beginning places ) Vi in the vicinity of Xi for the employed bees. Apply Greedy Selection Calculate the chance values Pi for the solutions Xi by agencies of their fittingness values utilizing the equation Normalize Pi values into [ 0,1 ] Produce the new solutions ( new places ) Vi for the looker-ons from the solutions Xi, Apply Greedy Selection Process for the looker-ons between Xi and Vi Determine abandoned Solutions, and replace it with new randomly produced solutions Xi for the lookout Memorize the best nutrient beginning place achieved so far rhythm = cycle+1 UNTIL ( rhythm = Maximum Cycle Number ) Initially, random executable solutions ( nutrient beginnings ) are generated and evaluated. Then, the employed bees will seek for new solutions in the vicinity out of the current solutions and the greedy choice is applied. The choice of much fitter solutions is done by the looker-on bees and is dependent on the fittingness value. The nutrient beginnings that do non better after a series of loop are abandoned and the bee associated to it eventually becomes a lookout. The lookout will seek for a new nutrient beginning once more. The whole procedure continues until the expiration standard is satisfied. Neighbourhood Search Neighbourhood searching is the procedure of bring forthing better solutions from the current executable solutions. A new solution is generated utilizing the equation below: ( 1 ) where XA ­ij is the value of cell in solution XA ­i ( current solution ) which is indiscriminately picked, XA ­kj is the value of cell J in XA ­k, a random solution non equal to XA ­i, O is a random value in the scope of [ 0, 1 ] . Greedy Selection The greedy choice is responsible of doing and taking the optimum solution at each phase of the procedure. Fitness Function A fittingness map determines the quality of a nutrient beginning ( solution ) . The higher the fitness value of the equation below, the better the solution is. ( 2 ) where is the cost map Probability Function The chance map determines the chance that a peculiar nutrient beginning will be preferred by looker-on bees. The chance value is calculated utilizing the expression below: ( 3 ) where I is the current nutrient beginning and Sn is the entire figure of nutrient beginnings. Literature Review In the paper â€Å" An Improved Genetic Algorithm for the Packing of Rectangles † by Ming Le Stefan Jakobs [ 22 ] in his paper entitled â€Å" On familial algorithms for the wadding of polygons † implemented a intercrossed attack to familial algorithm. Jakobs used the bottom-left-condition to cut down the figure of possible wadding forms. The initial population is composed of width-sorted sequence of agreements based on the bottom-left regulation. A rectangular piece is moved get downing from the upper right corner of the country and moving every bit far as to the bottom so allotment is done every bit far as to the left corner of the bounding rectangle. This construct of a intercrossed familial algorithm was besides used in wadding of polygons job. Chen Zhao, et al [ 23 ] introduced the construct of Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization ( DPSO ) algorithm. In this method, a. For a elaborate treatment on the said method, see [ 23 ] . Statement of the Problem Packing jobs such as rectangle packing belongs to the category of NP-hard jobs since there is no easy manner to find the optimum solution for every instance. Finding the best manner of suiting a figure of rectangles into a larger rectangle is a clip devouring repeating undertaking and involves a really big solution infinite. The ABC algorithm, a new swarm-based methodological analysis, has been proven to be an efficient attack that solves optimisation jobs in assorted countries. Some research surveies besides show that ABC outperforms other optimisation techniques such as familial algorithm. In this survey, the ABC algorithm will be implemented to work out rectangle packing jobs. Therefore, this paper will prove the efficiency of the ABC algorithm in happening the best possible agreement of packing rectangles. Timeline The tabular array below shows the undertakings and their corresponding clip periods that I intend to set about to successfully finish this research. Undertaking No. Time Period Undertaking Description 1 Dec 13 – Dec 19, 2010 Research and reading of bing documents and published surveies sing rectangle wadding jobs and the ABC algorithm. Making of the first bill of exchange of the Thesis Proposal. 2 Dec 21, 2010 – Jan 04, 2011 Execution of the proposed algorithm. Making of the Proposed Approach portion of the thesis. 3 Jan 05, 2011 – Feb 2011 Testing and debugging. Experimentation stage. Making of the 10-page conference paper and 5-page URS paper. 4 Feb – Mar 2011 Finalizing of documents and other necessary demands 5 Mar 2011 Submission twenty-four hours How to cite Bee Colony Algorithm For Rectangle Packing Problems Design Essay, Essay examples

Prescription Drugs Essays (381 words) - Pharmaceuticals Policy

Prescription Drugs In a recent article, an MNBC correspondent brought up the issue of high prices on prescription drugs. Many of these drugs are special vitamins, as well as supplements that certain peoples bodies lack and need and are forced to buy. This poses a financial problem. If this were to happen in both Canada and the United States, many families in both countries would suffer severely for this medical reason, a reason they shouldn't have to pay for. In some aspects, this is selfish of the government. By leaving these drugs to be overpriced, the government is basically turning a blind eye towards the fact that many of these people are having to spend an extra thousand dollars, maybe an extra thousand dollars they don't have. The prices on these drugs could easily be regulated, but, as stated in the article, the money that these companies receive goes towards research and cures for the treatments these people are receiving. So it comes down to health care. Should the health care system pay for these? While it would solve problems, it would also produce them. People with privatize health care are settled, they put in a certain amount of money each month, and they get these medications along with the system. If a common health care system would pay for these drugs, two things would occur. First, the health cares budget would go down. Not just a little, but it would plummet. Health care coming out of taxes would not be enough, and as a result, taxes would be raised. This is probably the last thing people want. Secondly, many, many people would go away from the deal much richer. Basically, it's like asking for everyone else to pay for their problems. So who's to blame? Nobody, really. You can't say it's a persons fault for being sick and requiring medical help. Also, you can't expect everyone else to pay for them to get better, a lot of people can't afford higher taxes, and it's punishing them. So it is a problem with difficult solutions, but the best solution would be for the government to limit the high prices of these drugs, but at the same time, put more and more money into research for finding a cure for these illnesses. This would solve both problems, and with the budget in both Canada and the United States, this wouldn't pose too many financial problems. Bibliography http://www.msnbc.com/news/245699.asp